Question

Urinalysis Appearance pale yellow and clear pH= 5.8 Specific gravity-1.008 Bilirubin negative Ketones negative Protein- negative Glucose positive Microscopy= negative for RBC and WBC Electrocardiogram Findings are consistent with early left ventricular hypertrophy. Question 6 - 10: 6. List five (5) risk factors that predispose this patient to type 2 diabetes and why. 7. Identify five (5) symptoms that support that diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. 8. Interpret which single urinalysis test results is indicative of type 2 diabetes. 9. List two (2) blood test results that support a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and explain how they support the diagnosis. 10. Create a counseling plan for this patient, including education and referrals. Short​

Answer 1

I can provide some general information on type 2 diabetes and its risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, and counseling plan.

Risk factors that predispose a patient to type 2 diabetes include:

Obesity or being overweight: Excess body weight can reduce the body's ability to use insulin, leading to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.

Sedentary lifestyle: Lack of physical activity can also increase the risk of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.

Family history: Having a close relative with type 2 diabetes increases the risk of developing the condition.

Age: The risk of type 2 diabetes increases with age, especially after age 45.

Race and ethnicity: People of African, Hispanic, Native American, and Asian descent are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Symptoms that support the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes include:

Increased thirst and frequent urination

Blurred vision

Fatigue or weakness

Slow healing of cuts and bruises

Tingling or numbness in the hands and feet

The urinalysis result that is indicative of type 2 diabetes is a positive glucose test. High levels of glucose in the urine can be a sign of uncontrolled diabetes.

Blood test results that support a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes include:

Fasting blood glucose level: A fasting blood glucose level of 126 mg/dL or higher on two separate occasions indicates diabetes.

Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) test: An HbA1c level of 6.5% or higher indicates diabetes.

A counseling plan for a patient with type 2 diabetes may include education on:

Healthy eating habits, including a balanced diet with appropriate portion sizes

Regular physical activity to improve insulin sensitivity and blood glucose control

Monitoring blood glucose levels regularly and understanding the target ranges

Taking medications as prescribed, including insulin if needed

Regular medical check-ups and screenings for complications of diabetes

Referral to a registered dietitian, diabetes educator, or mental health professional as needed.

Overall, a comprehensive approach to managing type 2 diabetes involves a combination of lifestyle modifications and medical interventions, as well as regular monitoring and follow-up care.