Answer:
Naturalism and realism are both literary movements that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, yet they differ in their approaches and philosophical underpinnings. Realism aims to depict life as it is, focusing on objective and accurate representations of the world. Authors such as Gustave Flaubert and his novel "Madame Bovary" exemplify realism, as they present a detailed and unembellished portrayal of ordinary people and their struggles. On the other hand, naturalism takes realism a step further by emphasizing the deterministic nature of human existence and the influence of external forces. Émile Zola's "Germinal" serves as a prime example of naturalism, where characters are portrayed as products of their environment, subject to biological, social, and economic factors that shape their lives. Naturalistic literature often explores themes of poverty, social inequality, and the effects of heredity and environment on individuals. While both movements seek to depict reality, naturalism delves deeper into the darker and more deterministic aspects of human existence, examining the impact of external forces on individuals' lives.