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1. What are the basic principles of Pavlov's classical conditioning? Define the following terms/concepts: habituation, unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, conditioned

User KaraokeStu
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Answer:

Pavlov's classical conditioning is a learning process in which an innate response to a potent stimulus comes to be elicited in response to a previously neutral stimulus; this is achieved by repeated pairings of the neutral stimulus with the potent stimulus. The basic principles of Pavlov's classical conditioning are:

Acquisition: This is the initial stage of learning when a response is first established and gradually strengthened. During this phase, a neutral stimulus is repeatedly linked with an unconditioned stimulus.

Extinction: This occurs when the occurrences of a conditioned response decrease or disappear. In classical conditioning, this happens when a conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

Spontaneous Recovery: This is the reappearance of the conditioned response after a rest period or period of lessened response.

Stimulus Generalization: This occurs when the conditioned response happens in response to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus.

Stimulus Discrimination: This is when an organism learns to respond differently to various stimuli that are similar.

Now, let's define the terms:

Habituation: It's a decrease in response to a stimulus after being repeatedly exposed to it. It's a form of learning in which an organism decreases or ceases to respond to a stimulus after repeated presentations.

Unconditioned Stimulus: This is a stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response without any learning. For example, when you smell one of your favorite foods, you may immediately feel very hungry.

Unconditioned Response: This is the automatic response that occurs when an unconditioned stimulus is presented. For example, feeling hungry when you smell your favorite food is an unconditioned response.

Conditioned Stimulus: This is a previously neutral stimulus that, after becoming associated with the unconditioned stimulus, eventually comes to trigger a conditioned response. For example, if you ring a bell each time you present a dog with food, the bell sound becomes the conditioned stimulus.

Conditioned Response: This is the learned response to the previously neutral stimulus. For example, if a dog salivates to the sound of a bell because the bell has been associated with food, salivation is a conditioned response.

Step-by-step explanation:

User Ashish Joseph
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