To understand the difference between a strike and a lockout we have to learn the term labor dispute.
A labor dispute is a conflict between the emplyees and their employers or representatives. These conflicts usualy stem from issues related to insufficient wages, harsh working conditions, benefeits or any other components of employment.
In general, a strike refers to the collective action taken by workers, where they voluntarily stop working to protest against specific labor conditions, negotiate better wages, or address other grievances. It is a tactic employed by employees to exert pressure on employers and demonstrate solidarity among the workforce.
On the other hand, a lockout is initiated by employers or management to restrict workers' access to the workplace. During a lockout, employees are prevented from working and entering the premises. It is typically used as a response to a labor dispute, often in an attempt to gain power over the situation, in negotiations, break union solidarity, or compel employees to accept certain conditions or proposals.
The main difference between a strike and a lockout is the party responsible for initiating the action. A strike is initiated by the employees themselves. In contrast, a lockout is instigated by the employer or management, imposing a work stoppage and denying employees the opportunity to work.