1. Two examples of projects that can be characterized as mutually exclusive are:
a) Building a shopping mall in one location or constructing a park in the same area: These two projects cannot be pursued simultaneously as they require the same physical space. Choosing one project would automatically exclude the possibility of pursuing the other.
b) Funding a scientific research laboratory or investing in a new public school: These projects involve the allocation of limited financial resources. If funding is directed towards establishing a research laboratory, it would mean not having enough funds to invest in the construction and development of a new public school. Therefore, these projects are mutually exclusive.
2. The reason these projects are mutually exclusive is that they involve the use of limited resources. Whether it is physical space or financial resources, the decision to pursue one project would lead to the exclusion or non-availability of those resources for the other project. It is essential to carefully evaluate the priorities and goals associated with each project and determine which one aligns best with the overall objectives before making a decision.