To calculate the maximum load that can be applied to a specimen without plastic deformation, we need to use the stress-strain relationship and the given information.
Given:
Stress at which plastic deformation begins (σ) = 345 MPa = 345 N/mm²
Cross-sectional area of the specimen (A) = 130 mm²
We can use the formula for stress (σ) to calculate the maximum load (F):
σ = F / A
Rearranging the formula, we have:
F = σ * A
Substituting the given values into the formula:
F = 345 N/mm² * 130 mm²
Now, let's convert the units to a more convenient form:
1 N = 1 kg * m/s²
1 mm = 1 x 10^-3 m
F = (345 N/mm²) * (130 mm²) * (1 kg * m/s² / 1 N) * (1 m / 1000 mm) * (1 m / 1000 mm)
Simplifying the units:
F = (345 * 130 * 1 * 1 * 1) / (1000 * 1000)
F = 44.85 N
Therefore, the maximum load that can be applied to the specimen without plastic deformation is approximately 44.85 Newtons.