The correct answer is radiation.
Step by step solution:
1. Emission of energy as waves or particles refers to the process of radiation.
2. This emission can occur in various forms such as electromagnetic waves or subatomic particles.
3. These emitted waves or particles then pass through the surrounding environment, which could be air, water, or vacuum.
4. The process of radiation is fundamental in many natural phenomena, including the emission of light, heat, and radio waves.
5. During radiation, energy is transferred from one place to another without the need for a medium to physically move through.