Answer and Explanation:
1. Dehydration of hexan-1-ol catalyzed by sulfuric acid:
- The major product of this dehydration reaction is hex-1-ene.
- The mechanism involves protonation of the alcohol, followed by loss of water to form a carbocation intermediate. The carbocation then undergoes deprotonation to form the alkene product.
2. Dehydration of various alcohols catalyzed by sulfuric acid:
(b) hexan-2-ol: The major product is hex-2-ene.
(c) pentan-3-ol: The major product is pent-3-ene.
(d) 2-methylcyclopentanol: The major product is methylcyclopentene.
(e) 1-methylcyclopentanol: The major product is methylcyclopentene.
(f) cyclopentylmethanol: The major product is cyclopentylmethene.
The minor products in these reactions may include other possible isomers or rearrangement products, but the major products listed above are the most favored based on reaction conditions and stability considerations.
3. Identification of primary and secondary alcohols and their reaction with SOCl2:
Primary alcohols:
- Hexan-1-ol: The product of its reaction with SOCl2 is hexanoyl chloride (also known as caproyl chloride).
- Pentan-3-ol: The product of its reaction with SOCl2 is pentanoyl chloride (also known as valeroyl chloride).
Secondary alcohols:
- Hexan-2-ol: The product of its reaction with SOCl2 is hexan-2-ol chloride (also known as 2-chlorohexane).
- 2-methylcyclopentanol: The product of its reaction with SOCl2 is 2-chloromethylcyclopentane.
- 1-methylcyclopentanol: The product of its reaction with SOCl2 is 1-chloromethylcyclopentane.
- Cyclopentylmethanol: The product of its reaction with SOCl2 is cyclopentylmethyl chloride (also known as cyclopentylmethyl chloride).
The reaction with SOCl2 converts the alcohol functional group to a chloride functional group, resulting in the formation of the corresponding alkyl chloride.