Answer and Explanation:
The correct answer is C) Henry VIII caused Phillip of Spain to send the Spanish Armada.
When King Henry VIII requested to cancel his marriage to Catherine of Aragon, several significant outcomes occurred. Let's analyze each option to determine which one was not a result of his request:
A) Henry VIII broke with the Roman Catholic Church:
This is true. After the pope refused to annul his marriage, Henry VIII decided to break away from the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and establish the Church of England, with himself as the head.
B) Henry VIII started the Protestant Church of England:
This is also true. By establishing the Church of England, Henry VIII initiated the English Reformation and paved the way for Protestantism to become the dominant religious force in England.
C) Henry VIII caused Phillip of Spain to send the Spanish Armada:
This is false. The request for the annulment of Henry's marriage did not directly lead to the Spanish Armada. The Spanish Armada was launched by King Philip II of Spain in 1588 as a response to increasing tensions between England and Spain, which were mainly related to religious conflicts and English piracy against Spanish ships.
D) Henry VIII divorced Catherine of Aragon and remarried:
This is true. After the pope refused to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon, Henry VIII decided to divorce her and subsequently married Anne Boleyn, which marked a significant turning point in English history.
In summary, the option that was not a result of King Henry VIII's request to the pope to cancel his marriage is C) Henry VIII caused Phillip of Spain to send the Spanish Armada. The Spanish Armada was not a direct consequence of Henry VIII's marriage annulment request, but rather a separate event driven by larger geopolitical factors.