Answer: False.
Explanation: In chaining, the horizontal distance between end graduations of a tape does not vary due to instrumental error caused by temperature, wind, or the weight of the tape itself. These factors are examples of environmental errors, not instrumental errors.
Instrumental errors refer to errors caused by the measuring instrument itself, such as a tape that is not correctly calibrated or a tape that stretches or contracts under tension. These instrumental errors can lead to incorrect measurements and should be minimized or eliminated for accurate surveying.
On the other hand, environmental errors are caused by external factors that affect the measurement, such as temperature changes that cause the tape to expand or contract, the wind that may move the tape, or the weight of the tape itself affecting the measurement. These errors can also impact the accuracy of the measurement.
To minimize instrumental errors, surveyors use high-quality measuring instruments that are properly calibrated and maintained. Environmental errors, on the other hand, can be reduced by taking precautions, such as using a tape that is not affected by temperature changes or using windbreaks to minimize the impact of wind on the measurement.
It is important to identify and understand the different types of errors in chaining to ensure accurate surveying measurements.