Monkeypox Fact Sheet
General Information:
Monkeypox is a rare viral disease that belongs to the same family of viruses as smallpox. It was first identified in 1958 when outbreaks occurred in monkeys kept for research. Monkeypox can affect both humans and animals, with most cases reported in Central and West African countries.
Signs and Symptoms:
Symptoms of monkeypox usually appear within 7 to 14 days after exposure to the virus. They include fever, headache, muscle aches, backache, swollen lymph nodes, and a general feeling of discomfort. A rash then develops, often beginning on the face and then spreading to other parts of the body. The rash changes and goes through different stages before finally forming a scab, which later falls off.
Transmission:
Monkeypox spreads from animals to humans through close contact with infected animals, such as rodents and primates. It can also spread between humans through respiratory droplets, direct contact with bodily fluids or skin lesions, and contaminated objects. It is important to note that human-to-human transmission is relatively rare.
Prevention:
To prevent monkeypox, it is crucial to avoid contact with wild animals, especially those exhibiting signs of illness. Additionally, practicing good hygiene measures like frequent handwashing with soap and water, using hand sanitizers, and avoiding close contact with infected individuals can help reduce the risk of transmission.
Treatment Options:
There is no specific antiviral treatment for monkeypox, but supportive care can be provided to manage symptoms and complications. This may include pain relievers, antipyretics (to reduce fever), and adequate fluid intake. In severe cases, hospitalization might be necessary.
Guidance for Quarantine:
If a person is suspected or confirmed to have monkeypox, it is essential to follow local health authority guidelines regarding isolation and quarantine. This helps prevent the spread of the virus to others. Close contacts of an infected individual might be advised to monitor themselves for symptoms and seek medical attention if they develop any.