For a hardness of 5.0 meq/L, the flowrate to be treated by ion exchange can be calculated using the following equation:
Flowrate treated = (Hardness in feed water - Desired hardness in product water) * Total product water flowrate / Hardness in feed water
Using the given values, the calculation is as follows:
Flowrate treated = (5.0 - 2.0) * 10 m^3/day / 5.0 meq/L
Flowrate treated = 3.0 * 10 m^3/day / 5.0 meq/L
To convert meq/L to m^3/day, we need to consider the conversion factor. Since 1 meq/L is equal to 0.001 m^3/day, we can use this conversion factor:
Flowrate treated = 3.0 * 10 m^3/day / (5.0 meq/L * 0.001 m^3/day/meq/L)
Flowrate treated = 3.0 * 10 m^3/day / 0.005 m^3/day
Flowrate treated = 6000 m^3/day / 0.005 m^3/day
Flowrate treated = 1200000 m^3/day
Therefore, the flowrate that should be treated by ion exchange to achieve a total product water flowrate of 10 m^3/day with a hardness of 2 meq/L is 1200000 m^3/day.
Regarding the second and third questions, the information provided is not sufficient to perform the calculations. Please provide the missing information for the mass of moist resin and the diameter of each column so that I can assist you further.