Answer and Explanation:
Here is a simplified version of the Born-Haber cycle for the dissolution of K2CO3 in water:
1. Start with solid K2CO3:
- ΔH(sublimation) (enthalpy of sublimation) to convert solid K2CO3 to gaseous K2CO3.
2. Dissociate K2CO3 into its ions:
- ΔH(lattice) (lattice enthalpy) to break apart the ionic bonds in K2CO3 and form K+ and CO3^2- ions.
3. Hydrate the ions:
- ΔH(hydration) to surround the ions with water molecules and form hydrated K+ and CO3^2- ions.
4. Ionize water:
- ΔH(hydration) to convert water molecules into H+ and OH- ions.
5. Form hydrated carbonate:
- ΔH(solution) (enthalpy of solution) to combine the hydrated K+ and CO3^2- ions with the H+ and OH- ions to form hydrated carbonate.
6. Calculate the overall enthalpy change (ΔH) for the process:
- ΔH = ΔH(sublimation) + ΔH(lattice) + ΔH(hydration) + ΔH(hydration) + ΔH(solution)
The Born-Haber cycle allows us to understand the various steps involved in the dissolution of K2CO3 in water and calculate the overall enthalpy change for the process. Each step represents an energy change, and the cycle helps us analyze the energy changes at each stage. Keep in mind that this is a simplified version, and the actual cycle may include more detailed steps and energy changes.