Answer and Explanation:
The correct answer is (B) Metamorphic rock.
Here's why:
1. Extreme heat: Metamorphic rocks are formed due to extreme heat. When existing rocks are subjected to high temperatures, the minerals within them recrystallize and form new minerals, leading to the formation of metamorphic rocks.
2. Change of forms by pressure: Metamorphic rocks also undergo changes in form due to pressure. The intense pressure from tectonic forces or the weight of overlying rocks can cause the minerals in existing rocks to realign or deform, resulting in the formation of metamorphic rocks.
Examples of metamorphic rocks include marble, slate, and gneiss. These rocks often exhibit distinct textures, such as foliation (layering) or a banded appearance, which are a result of the intense heat and pressure they have experienced.
It is important to note that plutonic rock (A) refers to igneous rocks that form deep within the Earth's crust from the cooling and solidification of magma. Sedimentary rock (C) is formed through the accumulation and consolidation of sediments, while igneous rock (D) is formed from the cooling and solidification of lava or magma. Neither of these rock types specifically result from extreme heat or changes in form due to pressure, making metamorphic rock the correct answer.