Answer:
Chronic iron supplementation is not a cause of zinc deficiency. In fact, chronic iron supplementation can lead to an increase in zinc absorption, which may result in elevated zinc levels in the body.
Low intake of plant foods, high fiber intake, and calorie restricted diets can all contribute to zinc deficiency. Plant foods are a good source of zinc, so a low intake of these foods can lead to inadequate zinc intake. High fiber intake can interfere with zinc absorption, particularly if the fiber comes from phytate-rich foods such as whole grains and legumes. Calorie restricted diets may not provide enough zinc to meet the body's needs, particularly if the diet is also low in animal products, which are good sources of zinc.