Answer and Explanation:
The position of an IR absorption band depends on the strength of the dipole moment (C) and the masses of the atoms sharing the bond (D), so the correct answer is E. B and D.
Step-by-step explanation:
1. Ability to exhibit hydrogen bonding (A): Hydrogen bonding is a type of intermolecular force that occurs when hydrogen is bonded to a highly electronegative atom, such as oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine. While hydrogen bonding can affect the overall intensity of IR absorption bands, it does not directly determine the position of the bands.
2. Bond strength (B): The strength of a chemical bond affects the energy required to stretch or bend the bond, which in turn affects the position of the IR absorption band. Stronger bonds require higher energy, resulting in absorption bands at higher wavenumbers (frequencies) in the IR spectrum.
3. Strength of the dipole moment (C): The dipole moment represents the polarity of a bond, indicating the separation of positive and negative charges within the bond. Bonds with higher dipole moments have stronger IR absorption bands at lower wavenumbers (frequencies) in the IR spectrum.
4. Masses of the atoms sharing the bond (D): The masses of the atoms involved in a bond influence the vibrational frequencies of the bond. Lighter atoms vibrate at higher frequencies, resulting in IR absorption bands at higher wavenumbers (frequencies) in the spectrum.
Therefore, the position of an IR absorption band depends on the strength of the dipole moment (C) and the masses of the atoms sharing the bond (D), making answer E (B and D) the correct choice.