Answer:
The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, organized based on their atomic structure and properties. Here's what each of the following terms represents on the periodic table:
- Rows: The rows on the periodic table are called periods. There are seven periods in the periodic table, each representing a different energy level or shell of electrons. As you move from left to right across a period, the number of protons and electrons increases, and the elements become less metallic and more nonmetallic in nature.
- Columns: The columns on the periodic table are called groups or families. There are 18 groups in the periodic table, each representing a different set of properties and electron configurations. Elements in the same group have similar chemical and physical properties, and they tend to react in similar ways.
- Trends: Trends on the periodic table refer to the patterns or changes in properties that occur as you move across a period or down a group. Some common trends include atomic radius, ionization energy, electronegativity, and metallic character.
- SPDF Blocks: The SPDF blocks on the periodic table refer to the four different types of orbitals that electrons can occupy. The S-block contains the first two groups of elements, which have one or two valence electrons in the S orbital. The P-block contains the next six groups of elements, which have valence electrons in the P orbital. The D-block contains the transition metals, which have valence electrons in the D orbital. The F-block contains the lanthanides and actinides, which have valence electrons in the F orbital.
- Families: Families on the periodic table refer to the groups of elements that have similar properties and electron configurations. Some common families include the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, and noble gases. Elements in the same family tend to have similar chemical and physical properties, and they often react in similar ways.
Step-by-step explanation: