The wheel of conflict factors refers to a model that helps us understand the different elements that contribute to the escalation of a conflict. In the given scenario, the conflict between Kai and Jan has escalated due to the factor of history.
The history of broken promises made by Jan in the past has resulted in a lack of trust in Kai. The pattern of Jan not following through on previous offers or commitments has created a negative history between the two neighbours. As a result, Kai doubts the sincerity and intentions behind Jan's current offer to turn the volume down. This lack of trust stemming from past experiences can contribute to the conflict escalating as Kai perceives the offer as insincere and a mere attempt to appease him rather than a genuine commitment.