Answer: Animal cell cytokinesis involves the creation of a cleavage furrow that constricts the cell, while plant cell cytokinesis entails the formation of a cell plate and a new cell wall.
Explanation:
Cytokinesis in Plant Cells:
A new cell wall is created between the two daughter cells during cytokinesis in plant cells. It starts in the late telophase and lasts through the interphase of the following cell cycle. The following are the primary actions of cytokinesis in a plant cell:
1-A flattened disc-like structure known as the cell plate is created in the center of the dividing cell by the fusion of vesicles from the Golgi apparatus.
2-The cell plate enlarges as it moves away from the center of the cell and towards the cell's edges, eventually reaching the cell walls.
3-Formation of a new cell wall: A new cell wall that divides the two daughter cells is formed when the cell plate fuses with the cell walls on both sides.
4-Cell plate membrane formation: In addition to the cell wall, a fresh plasma membrane that divides the daughter cells is created along the cell plate's edges.
Animal Cell Cytokinesis:
When a cell divides into two daughter cells through cytokinesis, it forms a cleavage furrow, a contractile ring of proteins that constricts the cell. The following are the essential actions of cytokinesis in an animal cell:
1-Formation of the cleavage furrow: Just below the cell surface, during late anaphase and early telophase, a contractile ring made of actin and myosin filaments forms.
2-Contraction of the cleavage furrow: As the contractile ring shortens, the cleavage furrow deepens and the cytoplasm gradually separates.
3-The plasma membrane invaginates along the cleavage furrow, eventually pinching off to form separate plasma membranes for the daughter cells, and this process results in the formation of the cleavage furrow membrane.
4- Cleavage furrow deepens until the cytoplasm is completely divided, completing cytokinesis and dividing the cell into two distinct daughter cells.