Answer:China reacted in a variety of ways to being imperialized by Western powers in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Some key aspects of China's reaction include:
•Diplomatic efforts and alliances - China tried to negotiate with the Western powers through diplomatic means and alliances. For example, China allied with Japan in an effort to counter Western imperialism. However, these diplomatic efforts were largely unsuccessful.
•Self-strengthening movement - China initiated domestic reforms under the self-strengthening movement in an attempt to modernize and strengthen China's military and economy. This would allow China to compete more effectively with the Western powers. However, these reforms were too limited in scope.
•Boxer Rebellion - The anti-foreign, anti-imperialist Boxer Rebellion broke out in 1899. The Boxers attacked Westerners and Chinese Christians in northern China. The rebellion was ultimately crushed by Western and Japanese forces.
•May Fourth Movement - The nationalistic, anti-imperialist May Fourth Movement of 1919 arose in response to Western imperialism and the unfair treaties imposed on China. The movement called for greater democracy, science and nationalism in China.
•New Culture Movement - The New Culture Movement of the 1910s and 1920s promoted democratic, Western ideas and a rejection of traditional Chinese culture. It hoped to strengthen and reform China in order to resist Western imperialism.
In summary, China's reaction to imperialism included a mix of diplomatic efforts, self-strengthening reforms, violent resistance like the Boxer Rebellion, and cultural/intellectual movements like the May Fourth Movement and New Culture Movement. However, these reactions failed to fully resolve the problem of Western imperial dominance in China.