Question

Draw the structure of water. is water considered polar or nonpolar? explain why

Answer 1

The structure of water consists of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom. The oxygen atom is located in the center, with the hydrogen atoms bonded to it at an angle of approximately 104.5 degrees. This arrangement gives water a bent or V-shaped molecular geometry.

Water is considered a polar molecule. This is because the oxygen atom is more electronegative than the hydrogen atoms, meaning it has a stronger pull on the shared electrons in the covalent bonds. As a result, the oxygen atom gains a partial negative charge (δ-) while the hydrogen atoms acquire partial positive charges (δ+).

The unequal distribution of charges in water creates a dipole moment, with the oxygen atom being the negative end and the hydrogen atoms being the positive ends. This polarity allows water molecules to form hydrogen bonds with each other and with other polar molecules or ions.

The hydrogen bonds between water molecules are responsible for many of its unique properties, such as its high boiling point, surface tension, and ability to dissolve a wide range of substances. These hydrogen bonds also contribute to the cohesive and adhesive properties of water, allowing it to form droplets and capillary action.

In summary, water is considered a polar molecule due to the unequal distribution of charges caused by the electronegativity difference between oxygen and hydrogen.