1. Surface area-to-volume ratio: As a cell grows larger, its volume increases at a faster rate than its surface area. This leads to a decrease in the surface area-to-volume ratio. Since cellular processes, such as nutrient exchange and waste removal, occur through the cell membrane, a lower surface area-to-volume ratio would limit the efficiency of these processes. By dividing into two smaller cells, the surface area-to-volume ratio is increased, allowing for more efficient exchange of materials.
2. Nutrient and resource requirements: Larger cells have higher nutrient and resource demands to support their increased volume. If a cell grows beyond a certain size, it may struggle to acquire sufficient nutrients and resources to sustain its activities. Dividing into smaller cells ensures that each new cell has a more manageable size and can access the necessary resources efficiently, promoting better survival and function.