Final answer:
An increase in interstitial fluid around the lung capillaries leads to pulmonary edema, which decreases the efficiency of oxygen moving from the lungs into the blood, making ventilation more difficult.
Step-by-step explanation:
A significant increase in the amount of interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary beds of a human's lungs will lead to a condition called pulmonary edema. This does not facilitate effective ventilation; rather, it hampers it. An increase in interstitial fluid typically decreases the amount of oxygen moving from the lungs into the blood due to the increased distance gases must diffuse and potentially due to a reduction in the available surface area for gas exchange. Ventilation becomes more difficult, requiring more work, not less. The pressure changes also don't directly cause capillary beds to burst, but they do create a state where fluid is pushed in the interstitial spaces, causing edema.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport are driven by differences in partial pressure. In the lungs, oxygen typically moves from an area of high partial pressure in the alveoli to a lower partial pressure in the blood. However, when excessive fluid accumulates in the lungs, it can disrupt this process, leading to inadequate oxygenation of the blood. Conversely, the removal of carbon dioxide can also become less efficient. Adequate management of pulmonary edema often requires addressing the underlying causes, such as heart conditions that might lead to increased hydrostatic pressure in the pulmonary circulation.