Final answer:
An identity crisis according to Erik Erikson refers to the challenge of establishing identity versus experiencing role confusion during adolescence, and is not about pretending, forgetting, or being told who one is.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to Erik Erikson, an identity crisis involves the task of identity versus role confusion. This is a critical developmental stage typically occurring in adolescence (ages 12-18), where individuals work on developing a strong sense of self. Adolescents explore different roles and ideas to answer fundamental questions, including "Who am I?" and "What do I want to do with my life?" Those successful in this stage come away with a solid identity and remain true to their beliefs despite challenges. However, those who are apathetic or pressured to conform may end up with weak self-identity and role confusion.
For older individuals in late adulthood, the challenge presented by Erikson is integrity versus despair. During this stage, people reflect on their lives and may achieve a sense of satisfaction and integrity, or they may struggle with feelings of regret, leading to despair.