A heart attack, also known as a myocardial infarction, occurs when there is a blockage or reduced blood flow to the heart muscles. This happens when one or more of the coronary arteries, which supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart, become narrowed or completely blocked.
The most common cause of a heart attack is a buildup of plaque, which is a fatty substance, inside the arteries. When the plaque ruptures, it can form a blood clot, leading to a blockage in the artery and preventing blood flow to a part of the heart. The lack of blood flow can cause damage to the heart muscle, which can be life-threatening if not promptly treated.
The symptoms of a heart attack can vary but commonly include chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, pain or discomfort in the arms, back, neck, jaw, or stomach, nausea, lightheadedness, and cold sweats.