The type of fog that is characterized by cool air moving over warm water, allowing evaporated water from the water surface to cool and condense is called steam fog, also known as sea smoke or evaporation fog. Steam fog forms when cold air, typically in the form of an arctic air mass, passes over relatively warm water, such as a lake or ocean. As the cool air comes into contact with the warm water, it causes the water vapor to cool rapidly, leading to condensation and the formation of fog.
This type of fog often appears as a low-lying cloud or mist hovering over the water surface, creating a visually striking effect. Steam fog is commonly seen during the colder months when the temperature difference between the air and water is more significant. It is most prevalent in coastal areas or regions with large bodies of water.
Steam fog can limit visibility and impact maritime activities such as shipping and navigation. It is important for mariners to be aware of the potential presence of steam fog to ensure safe passage. Understanding the formation and characteristics of steam fog can help in predicting its occurrence and mitigating its effects.