Final answer:
The empirical formula of quinine is C10H6N and the molecular formula is C20H12N2.
Step-by-step explanation:
In order to determine the empirical and molecular formula of quinine, we need to calculate the mole ratios of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen in the given compounds. We start by converting the given masses of CO2, H2O, and nitrogen to moles using their respective molar masses. For CO2, the molar mass is 44 g/mol, so moles of CO2 = 1.321 g / 44 g/mol = 0.03 mol. Similarly, for H2O, the molar mass is 18 g/mol, so moles of H2O = 0.325 g / 18 g/mol = 0.018 mol. And for nitrogen, the molar mass is 14 g/mol, so moles of nitrogen = 0.0421 g / 14 g/mol = 0.003 mol.
Next, we calculate the mole ratios of these elements. The ratios are as follows: C:N = 0.03 mol : 0.003 mol = 10 : 1, and H:N = 0.018 mol : 0.003 mol = 6 : 1. These ratios are close to whole numbers, so the empirical formula can be written as C10H6N. The empirical formula mass for this compound is 160.19 g/mol.
The molar mass of quinine is given as 324 g/mol. Comparing the molar mass and empirical formula mass, we can see that each quinine molecule contains two empirical formula units, so the molecular formula of quinine is 2(C10H6N), which can be simplified as C20H12N2.