Answer:
Here are the 8 pieces of evidence for evolution defined:
Homologous structures: Structures that have the same ancestral origin but differ in function, like the bones in a bat wing and human arm. They show common ancestry.
Homologous DNA: DNA sequences that are similar among different species, indicating a shared evolutionary history.
Homologous Embryos (comparative Embryos): Similar embryonic development in different species, suggesting common ancestry.
Analogous Structure: Structures that have similar functions but different origins, like wings of insects and birds. They evolved independently to solve similar problems.
Vestigial Structures: Structures that were functional in ancestral species but have lost function in descendants, like nonfunctional eyes in cavefish or human appendix. They provide evidence of evolutionary change.
Distribution Of Species: The geographic distribution of species often correlates with evolutionary history, reflecting past geographic changes and migrations.
Fossils: Fossil evidence provides a record of ancestors and transitional forms, showing how species have evolved over time.
Real-Time Evolution: Examples of observable and well-documented evolutionary change occurring over short time scales in bacteria, viruses, and other organisms with short generation times.
Break down each concepts:
DNA is usually defined as deoxyribonucleic acid: an extremely long macromolecule that is the main component of chromosomes and is the material that transfers genetic characteristics in all life forms, constructed of two nucleotide strands coiled around each other in ladderlike arrangement with the sidepieces composed of alternating phosphate and deoxyribose units and the rungs composed of the purine and pyrimidine bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine: the genetic information of DNA is encoded in the sequence of the bases and is transcribed as the strands unwind and replicate.
An embryo is the young of a viviparous animal, especially of a mammal, in the early stages of development within the womb, in humans up to the end of the second month.
Homologous means to have the same alleles or genes in the same order of arrangement.
Analogous means corresponding in function, but not evolved from corresponding organs, as the wings of a bee and those of a hummingbird.
Vestigial is of, relating to, or of the nature of a mark, trace, or visible evidence of something that is no longer present or in existence.
Species is one of the classes of things included with other classes in a genus.
Fossils are any remains, impression, or trace of a living thing of a former geologic age, as a skeleton, footprint, etc.
Evolution is the change in the gene pool of a population from generation to generation by such processes as mutation, natural selection, and genetic drift.
(Mutation is a sudden departure from the parent type in one or more heritable characteristics, caused by a change in a gene or a chromosome).
(Natural selection is the process by which forms of life having traits that better enable them to adapt to specific environmental pressures, as predators, changes in climate, or competition for food or mates, will tend to survive and reproduce in greater numbers than others of their kind, thus ensuring the perpetuation of those favorable traits in succeeding generations).
(Genetic drift is random changes in the frequency of alleles in a gene pool usually of small populations).
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