Answer:
Reading-in and reading-down are two different approaches to interpreting legal texts.
Reading-in is the process of interpreting a legal text in a way that includes additional provisions or meanings that are not explicitly stated in the text. This approach is typically used when the court believes that the text is incomplete or ambiguous, and additional provisions are necessary to give effect to the underlying purpose of the law.
Reading-down, on the other hand, is the process of interpreting a legal text in a way that limits its scope or meaning. This approach is typically used when the court believes that the text is overly broad or would lead to unintended consequences if interpreted literally.
In general, reading-in is seen as a more liberal approach to interpretation, while reading-down is seen as a more conservative approach. Both approaches have their place in legal interpretation, and the choice between them will depend on the specific circumstances of the case and the underlying purpose of the law in question.