Answer:
1. The Laws of Migration from 1895 refer to a set of principles developed by British demographer Ernst Ravenstein. These laws describe patterns observed in human migration and include:
- Most migrants move only a short distance.
- Long-distance migration is typically to larger cities and urban centers.
- Rural areas are more likely to be the source of migrants than urban areas.
- Migration is typically driven by economic reasons, such as seeking employment or better wages.
- Migration is typically counterbalanced by movements in the opposite direction.
2. The largest source countries for migration vary depending on the time period and region, but some of the countries that have historically been major sources of migration include Mexico, India, China, and the Philippines. The largest destination countries for migration include the United States, Canada, Australia, and various countries in Europe.
3. Migration within and into Europe is frequent for a number of reasons, including:
- The European Union's policy of free movement within member countries.
- The continent's history of colonialism and its legacy of migration and settlement.
- The ongoing conflicts and political instability in parts of the Middle East and Africa, which have led to large numbers of refugees and migrants seeking asylum in Europe.
- Economic factors, such as the search for better job opportunities and living standards.
4. The five stages of U.S. immigration, as described by historian Roger Daniels, are as follows:
- Pre-1820: The period of colonization and settlement by European immigrants.
- 1820-1880: The period of mass immigration, primarily from Northern and Western Europe.
- 1880-1924: The period of peak immigration, with large numbers of immigrants coming from Southern and Eastern Europe.
- 1924-1965: The period of restriction, with strict quotas and limits on immigration.
- 1965-present: The period of modern immigration, with a more diverse range of immigrants coming from all parts of the world.
5. Three different migration patterns that have historically taken place within the US include:
- Westward migration: The movement of settlers across the North American continent, particularly during the 19th century, in search of land, resources, and new opportunities.
- Urbanization: The movement of people from rural areas to cities in search of employment and other opportunities, particularly during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
- Internal migration: The movement of people from one part of the country to another, often for economic reasons, such as the movement of African Americans from the rural South to urban centers in the North and West during the Great Migration of the early 20th century.