The distance Q1 to Q2 represents an shortage at price P1. The Option A.
A shortage in economics refers to a situation where the quantity demanded for a good or service exceeds its available supply, leading to a lack of sufficient supply to meet demand.
When the same price of goods cannot be used to buy the same quantity, this leads to greater quantity demanded as additional income will be required to buy it.
So, base on the graph, the distance Q1 to Q2 represents an shortage at price P1 because quantity demand increase despite the goods having the same price.
Therefore, the Option C is correct.