Answer:
In July 1917, a failed military coup by General Kornilov and his supporters created an opportunity for the Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, to seize power in Russia. The Bolsheviks had been gaining support among the working class and soldiers, and the Kornilov affair helped to further discredit the Provisional Government and its liberal policies.
Lenin and the Bolsheviks promised the Russian people an end to the war, land reform, and the establishment of a socialist government that would be run by the workers and peasants. They also promised to address the pressing economic and social issues that had plagued Russia for many years, including poverty, hunger, and inequality.
In October 1917, the Bolsheviks launched the second (red) revolution and seized power in Russia. They immediately began implementing their socialist policies, including the nationalization of industry and the redistribution of land to the peasants. They also signed a peace treaty with Germany, ending Russia's participation in World War I.
However, the Bolsheviks' policies and revolutionary zeal soon led to opposition and resistance from other political factions, both within Russia and internationally. This resistance eventually led to the Russian Civil War, which lasted from 1918 to 1922 and resulted in the establishment of the Soviet Union as a one-party Communist state.