Answer:
- Pro-natalist policies, are policies that are meant to increase the overall population growth rate. They usually provide incentives for having more children, such as tax benefits, subsidies, maternity leave, etc. Some examples of countries with pro-natalist policies are France, Sweden, and Singapore.
- Anti-natalist policies, are policies that are meant to decrease the overall population growth rate. They usually provide disincentives for having more children, such as family planning programs, contraception, abortion, sterilization, etc. Some examples of countries with anti-natalist policies are China, India, and Iran.
- Immigration policies, are policies that are regulate the flow of immigration into a country and seek to manage the population growth resulting from migration. Immigration policies may include restrictions on immigration or incentives for skilled migrants to move to a country. Some examples of countries with restrictive immigration policies are Japan, Australia, and the United States. Some examples of countries with expansive immigration policies are Canada, Germany, and Brazil.