True. By the late nineteenth century, the federal government in the United States had undergone significant modernization and had become a powerful institution. This period is often referred to as the "Age of Reform," during which the federal government took on a more active role in regulating the economy, protecting workers' rights, and expanding its authority over the states. The government also embarked on a program of internal improvements, such as building railroads and improving transportation infrastructure, that further strengthened its power and influence.