The correct answer is c. Geographical jurisdiction.
The U.S. Supreme Court has original jurisdiction over certain cases arising from the states based on geographical jurisdiction. Specifically, the Supreme Court has original jurisdiction in cases where a state is a party or cases involving disputes between two or more states. These are known as "original jurisdiction cases."
Subject matter jurisdiction refers to the authority of a court to hear cases of a particular type or subject matter. Federal jurisdiction refers to the authority of federal courts to hear cases involving federal law, constitutional issues, or disputes between parties from different states. Appellate jurisdiction, on the other hand, refers to the authority of a higher court to review decisions made by lower courts. The Supreme Court has both original and appellate jurisdiction, but in the context of cases arising from the states, its original jurisdiction is based on geographical factors.