Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
Module 02: Medieval Europe and Japan provides an overview of the political, social, economic, and cultural developments in Europe and Japan during the medieval period. Here is a summary of the key points covered in this module:
Feudalism: Both Europe and Japan experienced a feudal system during the Middle Ages. Feudalism was a hierarchical structure in which land and power were exchanged for military service and loyalty. The king/emperor held the highest authority, followed by nobles, knights/samurais, and peasants/serfs.
Europe: The medieval period in Europe, also known as the Middle Ages, lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It was characterized by decentralized political power, with feudal lords exercising authority over their territories. The Catholic Church played a significant role in society, exerting religious and political influence.
Japan: The medieval period in Japan, referred to as the feudal era, spanned from the 12th to the 19th century. During this time, power was divided among regional lords known as daimyos, who ruled over their domains with the support of samurais. The emperor held a symbolic role but had limited political authority.
Religion: Christianity dominated Europe during the Middle Ages, and the Catholic Church played a central role in people's lives. In contrast, Japan had a mix of indigenous Shinto beliefs and the introduction of Buddhism from China, which coexisted and influenced Japanese culture.
Culture and Art: Both Europe and Japan had vibrant artistic and cultural expressions during the medieval period. Europe saw the rise of Romanesque and Gothic architecture, illuminated manuscripts, and religious artworks. In Japan, traditional arts like calligraphy, tea ceremonies, Noh theater, and Zen gardens flourished.
Trade and Economy: Europe experienced a revival of trade and economic activity during the late Middle Ages with the growth of towns and the rise of merchant guilds. The Crusades also had a significant impact on trade routes and cultural exchange. In Japan, the economy was based on agriculture, with the samurai class holding considerable power and overseeing the production and distribution of goods.
Warfare and Conflict: Both Europe and Japan witnessed frequent warfare and conflicts during the medieval period. In Europe, feudal lords fought for territory, while in Japan, regional lords engaged in battles to expand their domains. The samurais in Japan developed a code of ethics known as Bushido, emphasizing loyalty, honor, and martial skills.