Answer: Females have two X chromosomes (46,XX), whereas males typically have one X and one Y chromosome (46,XY). Therefore, based on the presence or absence of a Y chromosome, we can determine a person's gender by looking at their karyotype.
Explanation: However, it's important to be aware that some sex chromosome pattern variations, such as XX male syndrome or XY female syndrome, can occur and result in differences in sexual development and gender identity. Because of this, gender cannot always be inferred from karyotype alone, and people should be respected and allowed to self-identify their gender no matter what chromosomal characteristics they have.