According to the allostatic load hypothesis, individuals with higher levels of chronic stress, particularly those on the lower end of the socioeconomic status, are more likely to experience a higher allostatic load.
Allostatic load refers to the cumulative physiological burden resulting from repeated exposure to stressors.
In the context of the Grossman model, which explores the relationship between health and socioeconomic factors, higher levels of stress can have detrimental effects on health outcomes.
The allostatic load hypothesis suggests that individuals with higher levels of stress face a higher rate of health depreciation. This means that their health deteriorates at a faster pace compared to those with lower stress levels.
As a result of this higher rate of health depreciation, individuals with elevated stress levels, especially those in lower socioeconomic positions, are expected to have lower optimal health. The chronic physiological burden imposed by stress can contribute to various health disparities observed among different socioeconomic groups.
Therefore, the appropriate answer is:
d. higher, higher
Individuals with higher levels of stress face a higher rate of health depreciation and will have lower optimal health as a result.
Learn more about allostatic load hypothesis from the given link!