Question

Neanderthals and other ancient "cousins" of the human species have long been of interest to archaeologists. Not only are they interesting in their own right, but they also serve to highlight some truly unique attributes of our own. Among the various groups of ancient human relatives we have learned about so far, Neanderthals, in particular, are often presented as being very different from humans.

Respond to this post with an example of how you think Neanderthals are widely imagined by non-experts ("what do most people THINK that Neanderthals were like?" NOTE that in addition to the lecture, the reading from this week's module is also very useful for this discussion). Then explain how the EVIDENCE we have learned about in lecture and readings has challenged these widespread assumptions. ( total of 6 sentences needed).

Answer 1

Most people often imagine Neanderthals as primitive, brutish beings, lacking intelligence and sophistication. They are commonly depicted as hunched, dim-witted creatures with limited abilities for language and culture. However, the evidence presented in lectures and readings challenges these widespread assumptions.

Through the study of Neanderthal remains and archaeological sites, we have discovered that Neanderthals were not the primitive creatures they were once believed to be. Genetic analysis has shown that they shared a significant amount of DNA with modern humans, indicating that they were closely related to us. They had complex social structures and lived in organized communities.

Evidence of sophisticated tool-making and craftsmanship has been found, suggesting that Neanderthals had advanced cognitive abilities and the capacity for creativity. They created specialized tools, used fire, and engaged in hunting and gathering activities. Furthermore, studies on their diet and dental remains indicate that they had varied and diverse food intake, including plant-based resources.

Recent discoveries of Neanderthal art and symbolic behaviour challenge the notion that they lacked culture. Cave paintings and evidence of personal adornment demonstrate their capacity for artistic expression and symbolic thinking. Additionally, genetic studies have revealed interbreeding between Neanderthals and early humans, further indicating their close relationship with us.

In summary, the evidence presented in lectures and readings has challenged the popular perception of Neanderthals as primitive and unintelligent. They were much more complex, adaptable, and culturally sophisticated than previously believed. Neanderthals were our evolutionary cousins who possessed capabilities and characteristics that were not far removed from early humans.