Answer:
Gender and passing the test appear to be ________, as the probability of each event occurring does not depend on the other. Both males and females pass or fail the test with similar likelihoods. To confirm this independence, you could perform a chi-square goodness-of-fit test comparing observed frequencies to expected frequencies under the null hypothesis of independence between gender and test outcome. If the calculated p-value from the test exceeds your chosen significance level, you can conclude that there is sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis, indicating that gender and passing the test are dependent.