Answer: A and B are not characteristics of surveys.
Step-by-step explanation: A survey is a type of research method that involves collecting data from a sample of individuals or groups, usually by asking them questions or observing their behavior. Surveys can be used to describe, compare, or explain various aspects of a population or phenomenon of interest.
Some of the common characteristics of surveys are:
- They use a predefined set of questions or items that are standardized and consistent for all respondents or participants.
- They use a sampling technique to select a representative subset of the population or target group that is relevant to the research question or objective.
- They use a mode of data collection that is suitable for the type and format of the questions or items, such as face-to-face interviews, telephone interviews, mail questionnaires, online surveys, etc.
- They use statistical analysis to summarize, describe, compare, or infer the results of the data collected from the sample to the population or target group.
Some of the types of research methods that involve one or more treatment groups and a control group, and that compare two or more treatments, are:
- Experiments: Experiments are research methods that involve manipulating one or more independent variables (the treatments) and measuring their effects on one or more dependent variables (the outcomes). Experiments aim to establish causal relationships between variables by controlling for other factors that may influence the results. Experiments usually involve random assignment of participants to different treatment groups and a control group that receives no treatment or a placebo.
- Quasi-experiments: Quasi-experiments are research methods that resemble experiments but lack some of the features of true experiments, such as random assignment or manipulation of variables. Quasi-experiments aim to estimate causal relationships between variables by using natural or existing variations in the independent variables (the treatments) and comparing their effects on the dependent variables (the outcomes). Quasi-experiments usually involve non-equivalent groups that differ in their exposure to the treatments or in other characteristics that may affect the results.
- Observational Studies: Observational studies are research methods that involve observing and measuring existing phenomena without manipulating any variables. Observational studies aim to describe, compare, or correlate variables by using natural or existing data sources. Observational studies usually involve different groups that are selected based on their exposure to the variables of interest or based on other criteria that may affect the results.
Hope this helps, and have a great day! =)