Answer: Martin L. King Jr. was the president of the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA), which coordinated the boycott and led the nonviolent protest movement against racial segregation on buses.
Explanation: The boycott was sparked by the arrest of Rosa Parks, who refused to give up her seat to a white passenger on a city bus on December 1, 1955. The Women’s Political Council (WPC), a group of black professionals, called for a one-day protest of the city’s buses on December 5, 1955. The protest was so successful that the organizers decided to extend it indefinitely. A group of local ministers formed the MIA to oversee the boycott and elected King, a young and relatively new pastor in Montgomery, as their leader. King inspired the participants with his eloquent speeches and his personal courage. He was arrested, fined, and his home was bombed during the boycott. The MIA also organized a carpool system, a network of alternative transportation, and legal challenges to fight the segregation laws. The boycott lasted for 381 days, until December 20, 1956, when the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that segregation on public buses was unconstitutional. The boycott demonstrated the power of nonviolent mass protest and marked a turning point in the civil rights movement. It also made King a national figure and a symbol of resistance against racial oppression.
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