Final answer:
In terms of counseling, both cognitive-behavioral and existential-humanistic therapies are considered waves of counseling. Psychology students learn critical skills such as critical thinking and scientific methodology, beneficial in various contexts. Sociologists study both significant life events and daily occurrences, while psychologists focus on individual behavior and mental health, influenced by pioneers like Freud and Rogers.
Step-by-step explanation:
The waves of counseling refer to historical shifts in the focus and methods of psychotherapy. Among these, both cognitive-behavioral therapy and existential-humanistic approaches are recognized as significant movements. Cognitive-behavioral therapy involves addressing problematic patterns of thinking and behavior, while existential-humanistic therapy focuses on facilitating personal growth and self-understanding. The person-centered therapy developed by Carl Rogers is also a vital element, especially within the humanistic wave, emphasizing empathy and positive regard towards clients.
Skills from Undergraduate Psychology Education
Undergraduate psychology students are exposed to a range of skills including critical thinking, use of the scientific method, and critical evaluation of sources of information. These skillsets are beneficial across a wide array of work contexts and empower graduates to engage with complex problems effectively.
Sociological Versus Psychological Perspectives
According to Berger, sociologists are concerned with both monumental moments and common everyday life events in people's lives, reflecting a broad spectrum of inquiry. Psychologists tend to focus inward on mental health and behavior, whereas sociologists look outward at societal functions. Both Freud and Rogers are highlighted for their influential perspectives on psychotherapy, with ongoing influences in contemporary therapeutic practice.