Answer:
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Fractional distillation of petroleum produces a wide range of by-products, each with its own unique properties and applications. Here are some common by-products of fractional distillation of petroleum and their applications in day-to-day life:
Gasoline: Gasoline is one of the primary by-products of fractional distillation. It is used as a fuel for cars, motorcycles, lawnmowers, and various other combustion engines.
Diesel fuel: Another important by-product is diesel fuel. It is commonly used as a fuel for trucks, buses, trains, ships, and some cars.
Jet fuel: Fractional distillation also produces jet fuel, which is specifically designed for use in jet engines. It powers commercial and military aircraft.
Heating oil: Heating oil is a by-product that is commonly used for heating homes and buildings during cold weather. It is also used in industrial settings for heating purposes.
Lubricants: Petroleum by-products are used to produce various types of lubricants, such as engine oils, transmission fluids, and greases. These lubricants are used to reduce friction and wear in machinery and engines.
Asphalt: A by-product known as asphalt or bitumen is used in the construction industry for road surfacing, roofing materials, and waterproofing.
Petrochemicals: Fractional distillation produces a wide range of petrochemicals, which are used as raw materials in the production of plastics, synthetic fibres, rubber, fertilizers, dyes, solvents, and various other products.
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG): LPG is a by-product consisting of propane and butane. It is commonly used as a fuel for cooking, heating, and in portable camping stoves.
Wax: Petroleum wax is obtained as a by-product and is used in the production of candles, polishes, coatings, as a lubricant and in vaseline.
Solvents: Various solvents like mineral spirits, toluene, and xylene are obtained as by-products and are used in cleaning agents, paints, adhesives, and other industrial applications.
Naphtha: Naphtha is a by-product used as a solvent in various industrial processes, as a raw material in the petrochemical industry, and as a fuel in some industrial burners.
These are just a few examples of the many by-products obtained from the fractional distillation of petroleum. The versatility of these by-products makes them essential in various aspects of our day-to-day lives, from transportation and heating to the production of numerous consumer goods and industrial materials.