Answer:
Percentages express the scale of something when the maximum number is known. In these problems, the maximum number is always followed by "out of" for example 12 out of 43 means that the macimum number is 43 and we are at 12 (our present value) so how close are we to 43?
Simply divide the present value by the maximum number and multiply by 100 to get the percentages
12/43 x 100