Answer:
The two types of muscle groups used in summation of force are the prime movers (agonists) and the synergists.
1. Prime Movers (Agonists):
- Biceps brachii
- Quadriceps femoris
Prime movers are the main muscles responsible for generating force and producing movement in a particular action. They are typically larger and more powerful muscles.
2. Synergists:
- Brachioradialis
- Hamstrings (e.g., biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus)
Synergists are the muscles that assist the prime movers in producing a coordinated movement. They provide additional support and help to stabilize the joints involved in the action.
In a physical activity, the prime movers are typically used first. They provide the initial force and power needed to initiate the movement. The synergists then assist the prime movers by coordinating their actions and contributing additional force.
The functions of the two muscle groups are as follows:
1. Prime Movers (Agonists):
- Generate the primary force required for movement.
- Perform the main action in a specific movement.
- Example: The biceps brachii is a prime mover in elbow flexion, responsible for bringing the forearm closer to the upper arm.
2. Synergists:
- Assist the prime movers in producing a coordinated movement.
- Stabilize the joints involved in the movement.
- Example: The brachioradialis acts as a synergist in elbow flexion, assisting the biceps brachii in bending the elbow while providing additional stabilization.
Together, the prime movers and synergists work in conjunction to produce efficient and controlled movements during physical activities.