Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
The procedural and substantive models of democracy represent different approaches to understanding and implementing democratic governance. While they share the common goal of promoting democratic values, they focus on different aspects of democracy and can sometimes be at odds with each other.
1. Procedural Model of Democracy:
The procedural model emphasizes the formal procedures and institutions of democracy. It places importance on fair and free elections, regular rotation of power, political rights, and legal protections. Key principles of the procedural model include political participation, rule of law, protection of individual rights, and equal access to political processes. This model primarily focuses on the processes and procedures that ensure democratic governance.
2. Substantive Model of Democracy:
The substantive model goes beyond the formal procedures and focuses on the outcomes and quality of democracy. It emphasizes social justice, equality, and the achievement of certain substantive goals such as economic equality, social welfare, and the protection of marginalized groups. The substantive model highlights the importance of delivering tangible benefits to citizens and addressing structural inequalities.
These two models can potentially be at odds with each other because they prioritize different aspects of democracy. The procedural model may prioritize the fairness and transparency of political processes, even if the outcomes do not lead to substantive equality. On the other hand, the substantive model may prioritize achieving social justice and equality, even if it requires deviating from some procedural norms.
Whether both models should be pursued in a democratic system depends on the context and goals of a society. Striking a balance between procedural and substantive aspects is often seen as desirable. A strong emphasis on procedural democracy ensures the protection of individual rights, political participation, and rule of law. At the same time, incorporating substantive elements helps address social inequalities and promotes inclusivity. By pursuing both models, a democratic system can strive for fair and transparent processes while also working towards achieving broader social and economic justice.
However, finding the right balance between these models can be challenging. Overemphasis on procedural democracy without addressing substantive concerns may lead to social unrest and dissatisfaction among marginalized groups. Conversely, focusing too heavily on substantive democracy without respecting procedural norms may undermine democratic principles and lead to authoritarian tendencies. It is crucial for democratic societies to navigate and reconcile these tensions to create a system that upholds both procedural fairness and substantive outcomes.