Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
- Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS): This type of data layer involves storing data in a structured manner using tables, rows, and columns. RDBMS systems like MySQL, Oracle, or PostgreSQL are commonly used to manage and query data.
- Object-Relational Mapping (ORM): An ORM is a technique that allows developers to interact with a relational database using object-oriented programming. It maps database tables to objects in code, providing an abstraction layer and simplifying database interactions.
- NoSQL Databases: NoSQL databases, such as MongoDB, Cassandra, or Redis, provide alternative data storage models that differ from the traditional relational database approach. They are designed for handling large volumes of unstructured or semi-structured data, offering high scalability and performance.
- Data Access Layers: This type of data layer involves the implementation of an intermediary layer between the application code and the actual data storage. It handles tasks like data retrieval, manipulation, and persistence, providing an abstraction for data access.
- Data Services: Data services offer a layer of abstraction that allows applications to access data through standardized interfaces or APIs. They may involve technologies like web services or RESTful APIs, enabling clients to interact with data regardless of the underlying data storage or technology.