Answer:
Kautilya, also known as Chanakya, was an ancient Indian philosopher and statesman who wrote the Arthashastra, a treatise on governance, economics, and politics. In the Arthashastra, Kautilya discusses the spheres of the state's functions, which are the different areas of government that should be managed and controlled by the state.
Kautilya believed that the state had seven spheres of function. These were:
1. Swami: The ruler or king who holds ultimate authority in the state.
2. Amatya: The officials who assist the ruler in governing the state.
3. Janapada: The territory or kingdom that is under the control of the ruler.
4. Durg: The fortress or military stronghold that protects the state from external threats.
5. Kosha: The treasury or financial system that manages the state's revenue and expenditures.
6. Mitra: The allies or friendly states that help the ruler maintain peace and stability in the region.
7. Danda: The system of justice that punishes those who violate the law and maintains social order in the state.
According to Kautilya, these spheres of function were interdependent and required coordination to maintain the stability and prosperity of the state. The ruler or king was responsible for overseeing all these functions and ensuring that they were managed efficiently and effectively.
In conclusion, Kautilya believed that the state's functions were diverse and complex, and required a strong and capable ruler to manage them successfully. His views on the spheres of state's functions have influenced the development of governance and politics in India and beyond. Explanation: