Answer:
Here are some examples of deliquescent, hygroscopic, anhydrous, hydrated, and salts with water of crystallization:
Deliquescent salts:
Calcium chloride (CaCl2): It absorbs moisture from the air and forms a liquid solution due to its high hygroscopic properties.
Potassium hydroxide (KOH): It readily absorbs water vapor from the atmosphere and becomes a thick, slippery liquid.
Hygroscopic salts:
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH): It is highly hygroscopic and readily absorbs moisture from the air, forming a solution.
Silica gel: It is a hygroscopic substance commonly used as a desiccant to absorb moisture in packaging or storage.
Anhydrous salts:
Anhydrous copper sulfate (CuSO4): It is copper sulfate without any water molecules attached to it. It appears as a white powder and is used in various applications, including analytical chemistry.
Anhydrous magnesium sulfate (MgSO4): It is magnesium sulfate without any water molecules. It is commonly used in laboratories and as a drying agent.
Hydrated salts:
Copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4 · 5H2O): It is copper sulfate with five water molecules attached. It appears as blue crystals and is commonly used in agriculture, electrolytes, and as a fungicide.
Calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4 · 2H2O): It is calcium sulfate with two water molecules attached. It is commonly known as gypsum and is used in construction materials and as a soil conditioner.
Salts with water of crystallization:
Epsom salt (magnesium sulfate heptahydrate) (MgSO4 · 7H2O): It is magnesium sulfate with seven water molecules attached. It is used in bath salts and as a dietary supplement.
Sodium carbonate decahydrate (washing soda) (Na2CO3 · 10H2O): It is sodium carbonate with ten water molecules attached. It is used in laundry detergents and as a cleaning agent.
These examples demonstrate the various properties and characteristics of deliquescent, hygroscopic, anhydrous, hydrated, and salts with water of crystallization.